Power Management Strategy of a Parallel Hybrid Three-Wheeler for Fuel and Emission Reduction

Millions of three-wheelers in large cities Asia and Africa contribute to the already increasing urban air pollutants. An emerging method reduce adverse effects growing three-wheeler fleet is hybrid-electric technology. The overall efficiency a hybrid electric vehicle heavily depends on power management strategy used controlling main powertrain components vehicle. Recent studies highlight need for comprehensive report developing an easy-to-implement efficient control three-wheelers. Thus, present study, design methodology rule-based supervisory controller pre-transmission parallel based optimal (i.e., dynamic programming) proposed. problem minimizing fuel, emissions HC, CO NOx) gear shift frequency are solved using programming (DP). Numerical issues DP analyzed trade-offs between optimizing objectives presented. Since cannot be implemented as real-time controller, useful strategies extracted develop proposed strategy. developed show performance within 10% results WLTC UDC-NEDC drive cycles has clear advantage being near-optimal, computationally less demanding.